A chance discovery on a remote beach of the Chatham Islands in August 2024 has yielded what experts are calling one of the most significant archaeological finds in the Pacific. 23-year-old Nikau Dix stumbled upon a protruding piece of wood that led to the uncovering of a remarkably preserved ancient waka.
Remarkable Preservation and Initial Findings
Dix recounted finding a figurehead after investigating what he initially thought was a simple stick. “I came back to investigate the origins of the stick. That’s when I found the figurehead that washed down the creek. That’s how I knew it was special. It was obviously special,” he said.
A subsequent week-long partial excavation revealed between 600 and 700 pieces of the vessel. Archaeologist Justin Maxwell described the find as “utterly extraordinary,” noting that the team “ticked off all the boxes” in terms of discovering essential components of the waka, including cordage, ropes, sails, and matting.
Currently, the recovered artifacts are being stored in water-filled containers near the site, where conservators are working to stabilize and study them. Principal conservator Sara Gainsford called the project a “once-in-a-lifetime opportunity,” emphasizing that “nowhere in the world have we found so many parts of waka from this time.”
Significance and Ongoing Questions
The waka dates to a period of significant Pacific voyaging, according to Maxwell. “That places it in a period of time that’s important, when people were moving freely throughout the Pacific,” he stated. “Without any exaggeration, this is one of the most important finds in the Pacific.”
However, only an estimated 10% of the waka has been excavated, and the remainder remains buried under metres of sand. This has led to frustration among some on the island, who believe the full excavation should proceed without delay.
The question of ownership is also a key consideration. The Moriori Imi Settlement Trust and the Hokotehi Moriori Trust have jointly claimed ownership, believing the waka may be the “rangihoua,” a sea-going vessel referenced in Moriori oral histories. Ngāti Mutunga o Wharekauri, the island’s iwi, have also expressed interest in the waka’s origins and potential impact on their understanding of their own history.
The matter is now before the Māori Land Court, and the Ministry for Culture and Heritage is working with all stakeholders on “their future aspirations for the waka.”
What’s Next?
The next steps remain uncertain. While a final radiocarbon dating report is expected in early 2026, no firm date has been set for the next stage of excavation, nor have funding decisions been made. It is possible that further delays could occur as the legal process unfolds and logistical challenges are addressed. If funding is secured and the court case concludes, a full excavation could begin, potentially revealing a wealth of information about Pacific seafaring and the history of the Chatham Islands. Alternatively, if funding remains an issue or the court case is prolonged, the remaining portion of the waka could remain buried, subject to the ongoing threat of erosion.
Frequently Asked Questions
What was the initial discovery that led to the excavation?
23-year-old Nikau Dix found a piece of wood protruding from the sand on a beach on the Chatham Islands, which led to the discovery of a figurehead and, subsequently, the waka.
How much of the waka has been excavated so far?
Approximately 10% of the waka has been excavated, with the remaining portion still buried beneath the sand.
Who is currently seeking ownership of the waka?
The Moriori Imi Settlement Trust and the Hokotehi Moriori Trust have jointly claimed ownership, while Ngāti Mutunga o Wharekauri have expressed interest and registered their position.
What role will further research play in understanding the history of the Chatham Islands and the wider Pacific?
