The CDC is investigating a cyclosporiasis outbreak involving more than 400 cases across 18 states. The parasite, cyclospora, causes “explosive” watery diarrhea and is typically spread through contaminated raw produce or water. While no single source has been identified, investigators are working with the FDA to track specific clusters of illness.
Which states are seeing the highest number of cases?
New York, Texas, Illinois, and Michigan have been the hardest-hit states in the current outbreak. Health officials in Michigan are currently investigating what they describe as a “large and growing outbreak.” Since June 22, Michigan has reported more than 300 cases, a significant surge compared to the state’s typical annual identification of approximately 50 cases, according to its health department.
New York has also seen a high volume of illness, with 107 cases reported since May 1. While the New York state health department notes the state typically records 500 to 700 cases annually, local trends in the city are concerning. According to the New York Times, New York City health officials reported that cases there roughly doubled from January through June compared to the same period in the previous year.
Other states reporting cases include:
- Alaska
- Colorado
- Connecticut
- Florida
- Georgia
- Louisiana
- Massachusetts
- New Jersey
- North Carolina
- Ohio
- Pennsylvania
- Tennessee
- Virginia
- Wisconsin
What are the symptoms and risks of cyclosporiasis?
The CDC identifies the most common symptom as watery diarrhea, often characterized by frequent and “explosive” bowel movements. Other reported symptoms include:
- Nausea
- Abdominal cramps
- Fatigue
- Loss of appetite
- Low-grade fever
- Vomiting
Symptoms can take anywhere from two days to two weeks to develop after a person ingests the parasite. While the illness is not usually life-threatening and no deaths have been reported in this recent outbreak, 20 people have required hospitalization out of the 145 cases reported between May 1 and June 16, according to the CDC.
Most people with healthy immune systems recover on their own within days or weeks. However, the CDC states that more severe cases are typically treated with antibiotics.
How is the parasite transmitted and prevented?
The parasite spreads through water or raw produce contaminated with human feces. During the spring and summer months, consumption of certain fresh items often increases. Past outbreaks have been linked to produce such as basil, cilantro, spinach, and berries.
To reduce the risk of infection, the CDC provides the following guidance:
- Wash all fresh produce thoroughly before consumption.
- Practice rigorous handwashing.
- Clean and sanitize kitchen surfaces regularly.
- Drink plenty of fluids to avoid dehydration if symptoms occur.
The CDC and FDA are currently working with local officials to investigate specific clusters. Many of the people who became ill reported eating food within the United States and had not traveled outside the country in the two weeks prior to falling sick. Currently, there is no immediate evidence of a single, multi-state source linking all cases.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is cyclosporiasis contagious between people?
No. The CDC states that the disease is not typically transmitted from person to person.
How long do symptoms last?
Most people with healthy immune systems recover within a few days or weeks without specific medical intervention.
When should I see a doctor?
If you experience symptoms, you should consult a healthcare provider. If you test positive, notify your local health department.
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