The Belgian Chamber of Representatives voted 96 to 16 on Thursday to approve the revision of Article 195 of the Constitution, a move that formally initiates the process to abolish the Senate. The plenary session saw ten abstentions, with the majority coalition maintaining unity, with the notable exception of an abstention from deputy Luc Frank (Les Engagés).
Legislative Path and Political Support
This vote marks the completion of the first stage of a reform championed by Prime Minister Bart De Wever. According to the Prime Minister, the Senate is a “symbol of waste” whose utility is no longer clear, and he described it as lacking the function of a “cornerstone” for the state. While the majority supported the measure, the text also drew backing from opposition parties including the liberals of Anders, the Vlaams Belang, and Groen. The PTB opted to abstain, while the PS, Ecolo, and DéFI voted against the motion.
The revision of Article 195 is a required procedural step to allow for a “clean cut” of the Senate, an institution whose specific powers have been significantly reduced through successive state reforms.
Challenges for Future Reform
While the initial hurdle is cleared, the path to the complete abolition of the institution may prove more complex. To finalize the change, a two-thirds majority is required in the legislature. The current government agreement explicitly states that this majority cannot rely on the support of extremist parties, specifically the Vlaams Belang and the PTB. Additionally, the PS has outlined specific conditions for its potential support, including the establishment of a citizens’ assembly to replace the Senate and the constitutional protection of the right to abortion.
The transition from a procedural vote to a constitutional amendment highlights a delicate balancing act for the Prime Minister. Securing a two-thirds majority requires navigating competing demands, such as the MR and Les Engagés’ insistence on maintaining formal representation for the German-speaking community, which is currently guaranteed within the Senate but not within the Chamber.
Conditions from Coalition Partners
Members of the governing coalition have indicated that their support for the next steps is not unconditional. Victoria Vandenberg, speaking for the liberals, emphasized that the party remains “vigilant” and that the upcoming procedures will be the determining factor in the success of the reform. Similarly, Aurore Tourneur, head of the Les Engagés group, stated that while the vote allows parliament to move forward, it does not constitute a “blank check.” The Chamber also passed a special law regarding the composition of the concertation committee, which increases the representation of the Flemish government.
Frequently Asked Questions
What was the result of the vote on Article 195?
The Chamber voted 96 in favor, 16 against, and 10 abstentions to revise Article 195 of the Constitution.
Why are there concerns about the German-speaking community’s representation?
Currently, the German-speaking community has guaranteed representation in the Senate. In the Chamber, however, representation is dependent on electoral results in the province of Liège, leading to calls for guarantees in any future federal assembly structure.
Which parties opposed the reform?
The PS, Ecolo, and DéFI voted against the revision. The PTB abstained from the vote.
How will the government address the requirement for a two-thirds majority without relying on extremist parties?
