Researchers in Japan have identified Nectin-4 as a cell-surface receptor protein that binds to the rubella virus and enables it to enter human airways and placental cells, according to The Japan Times.
A collaborative team from the Japan Institute for Health Security, Tohoku University, and other institutions mapped the protein. Nectin-4 normally helps cells stick together and also functions as a receptor for the measles virus.
Identifying receptors aids antiviral drug development
Rubella vaccines are widely available today. Researchers hope that identifying this receptor will aid the development of antiviral drugs and infection prevention methods.
The virus spreads through respiratory droplets or direct contact. Common symptoms include fever, a rash, and swollen lymph nodes.
Congenital rubella syndrome causes hearing loss and heart diseases
Transmission from an infected pregnant woman to her unborn child can cause congenital rubella syndrome. This condition can result in hearing loss, cataracts, and heart diseases in affected children.
The research team pinpointed the protein by narrowing down a list of candidate receptors through genetic manipulation. They used a rubella pseudovirus alongside human cultured cells during the tests.
Nectin-4 presence confirmed in respiratory and placental cells
Scientists confirmed the presence of Nectin-4 in human respiratory epithelial cells and fetal-side placental cells.
Common Questions About the Discovery
How does the rubella virus enter human cells?
The virus binds to a cell-surface receptor protein known as Nectin-4. This protein allows the pathogen to enter human airway and placental cells.
What health problems does congenital rubella syndrome cause?
Unborn children infected by their mothers can develop hearing loss, cataracts, and heart diseases. These complications stem from transmission during pregnancy.
Where was the research published?
The findings were conducted by researchers from Tohoku University, the Japan Institute for Health Security, and other institutions.
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