Researchers have identified a new species of walking shark, Hemiscyllium dudgeonae, in the shallow waters of Papua New Guinea’s Milne Bay. The shark, which uses its pectoral and pelvic fins to navigate tidal pools, was confirmed as the tenth known species in the Hemiscyllium genus following genetic analysis led by Dr. Christine Dudgeon of the University of the Sunshine Coast. Its discovery highlights the unique biodiversity of the region’s reef systems and underscores the vulnerability of endemic marine species to local environmental pressures.
How do walking sharks move on land?
Walking sharks do not technically walk on land; rather, they use their fins to navigate between isolated rock pools during low tide. According to Dr. Christine Dudgeon, the shark uses two pectoral and two pelvic fins as limbs to propel itself across the sandy bottom. This adaptation allows the animals to remain in shallow water, effectively avoiding nocturnal predators like sea birds. Unlike most sharks that rely on constant swimming to breathe, studies on related species in the Great Barrier Reef suggest these sharks can withstand low-oxygen environments for several hours.
The local Papua New Guinean name for the walking shark is Kadedekedewa, which translates to “lazy shark” or “dog shark” due to its habit of waddling along the seafloor.
What distinguishes Hemiscyllium dudgeonae from other species?
The primary identifier for the new species is its unique physical appearance. While other walking sharks, such as the “Michael’s walking shark” found in Milne Bay, display a distinct leopard-print pattern, H. dudgeonae features a specific arrangement of small white dashes and brown speckles. Dr. Dudgeon’s team confirmed the species after observing eleven individuals with identical markings over several nights of diving. Genetic analysis provided the final confirmation, officially distinguishing it from the nine previously documented species in the genus.
Why is the conservation status of this shark a concern?
The conservation status of Hemiscyllium dudgeonae remains unclassified, but researchers warn that its limited habitat makes it particularly vulnerable. Because these sharks are endemic to a restricted area and do not migrate, they are highly susceptible to local threats like reef destruction and fishing pressure. Dr. Dudgeon notes that because these sharks lay eggs on coral reefs and remain in their place of birth throughout their lives, they lack the ability to easily disperse or recover from localized habitat loss.
| Species Feature | Walking Shark (H. dudgeonae) | Standard Reef Shark |
|---|---|---|
| Movement | Uses fins to “walk” on sand | Exclusively swimming |
| Habitat | Shallow tidal pools/seagrass | Open reef/pelagic zones |
| Dispersal | Very restricted (Endemic) | Often migratory |
How are local communities participating in protection?
Local communities in Papua New Guinea are taking an active role in preserving the shark’s habitat. According to Dr. Dudgeon, the discovery has fostered a sense of regional pride, shifting the local perspective of the shark from a potential food source to a unique species worth protecting. Working alongside a local fisheries officer, the research team is advocating for the establishment of marine-protected areas to safeguard the shallow reef environments where H. dudgeonae resides.
Pro Tip: Identifying Walking Sharks
If you are diving in the Milne Bay region, look for sharks in shallow seagrass at night. If you shine a light on a walking shark, it will often freeze in place, allowing for closer observation. Remember to maintain a respectful distance to avoid stressing the animal.
Frequently Asked Questions
Are walking sharks dangerous to humans?
No. Dr. Dudgeon describes them as having a “puppy-dog” personality. While they have strong jaws for eating snails and crabs, they are harmless to humans.
Where can you find Hemiscyllium dudgeonae?
This species is currently known only to inhabit the shallow waters of Milne Bay in Papua New Guinea.
Why don’t walking sharks migrate?
Their movement is limited by deep-water barriers and freshwater outflows, which keep them contained within specific coastal “sea country” regions.
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