Right-wing populism is shifting the political center of gravity across the West, as traditional conservative parties lose influence to extremist movements. According to Sérgio Fausto, director-general of the Fernando Henrique Cardoso Foundation, this trend is evident in the U.S., Europe, and Latin America, where leaders often disregard democratic rules to maintain power.
The Rise of Far-Right Influence in Europe and the Americas
The movement isn’t limited to one region. In the United States, Donald Trump fundamentally altered the Republican Party to seize control. Europe shows a similar pattern; the far right currently governs Italy and holds positions in governing coalitions in Finland, Croatia, and Slovakia.
The shift is moving beyond government seats into general electoral strength. The far right has become the second-largest political force in seven European nations: Spain, Portugal, Germany, France, Austria, Belgium, and Sweden, according to analysis by Fausto in O Estado de S. Paulo.
Did you know? In Latin America, right-wing populists have recently secured victories in Ecuador, Peru, and Colombia, following previous wins in Chile, Bolivia, and Argentina.
Brazil’s Right-Wing Dynamics and the Bolsonaro Effect
In Brazil, the traditional right remains heavily dependent on the electoral pull of more extreme figures. Valdemar Costa Neto, president of the Liberal Party (PL), recently highlighted this by noting that “Bolsonaro has the votes” while discussing a letter from the former president supporting his eldest son’s candidacy.
This dynamic creates a tension between democratic norms and populist appeal. While Brazil and Uruguay remain among the few in the region—alongside Guyana and Suriname—with governments adhering to representative democracy, the influence of the extreme right persists in the electoral base.
Two Paths for Populist Leaders: Institutionalization or Erosion
Once in power, populist leaders generally follow one of two trajectories. Some attempt to dismantle the system from within. Fausto cites Jair Bolsonaro, who attempted a coup after losing the election, and Donald Trump as examples of leaders who may seek to liquidate representative democracy.
Conversely, some leaders adapt to existing institutions. Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni is cited as a case where a leader of the far right has moved toward policies compatible with a liberal representative regime, abandoning some of the more radical promises of her campaign.
Pro Tip: When analyzing global political trends, distinguish between “right-wing” (traditional conservatives) and “far-right populists” (those who challenge the legitimacy of democratic institutions).
Comparative Regional Trends in Populism
The global landscape shows a divide between different styles of populism:
- Right-Wing Populism: Dominant in the U.S. and much of Europe, characterized by a rejection of “establishment” rules.
- Left-Wing Populism: Exemplified by the “chavista establishment” in Venezuela, which maintains a grip on power despite U.S. intervention.
- Democratic Stability: Currently maintained in Uruguay and Brazil, though challenged by the electoral strength of the far right.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between traditional right-wing and far-right politics?
Traditional right-wing parties typically operate within democratic rules and institutional frameworks. Far-right populists often disdain these rules and may seek to undermine democratic institutions to retain power.
Which countries are currently seeing a surge in far-right power?
According to Sérgio Fausto, the far right is a dominant or second-largest force in countries including Italy, France, Germany, Spain, and several Latin American nations like Argentina and Colombia.
Can far-right leaders coexist with democracy?
Yes. The case of Giorgia Meloni in Italy suggests that some leaders may adapt to democratic institutions and adopt more moderate policies once they assume office.
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