The Unexpected Side Effect of Weight Loss Drugs: A Return to “Pirate Disease”
A surprising link has emerged between the increasingly popular GLP-1 weight-loss medications and a resurgence of scurvy – a disease historically known as the “pirate disease.” While these drugs offer significant benefits for weight management, latest research suggests a potential risk of malnutrition if dietary habits aren’t carefully monitored.
What is Scurvy and Why is it Reappearing?
Scurvy, caused by a severe deficiency of vitamin C, was once a major threat to sailors on long voyages who lacked access to fresh fruits and vegetables. Symptoms include anemia, loosened teeth, bleeding under the skin, bruising, and slow wound healing. The recent diagnosis of British pop singer Robbie Williams with scurvy in 2025, after using a medication “like Ozempic,” has brought the issue into the spotlight.
How Do GLP-1s Contribute to Nutritional Deficiencies?
GLP-1 receptor agonists, used for both diabetes and obesity treatment, work by suppressing appetite and increasing feelings of fullness. A systematic review by the Hunter Medical Research Institute in Australia found that while these medications effectively promote weight loss, clinical trials often fail to adequately assess patients’ dietary intake. This means that the impact on overall nutrition is largely unknown.
Beyond Vitamin C: A Spectrum of Potential Deficiencies
The concern isn’t limited to vitamin C. Researchers emphasize that a reduction in body weight doesn’t automatically equate to improved health. Inadequate protein, fiber, and other essential vitamins and minerals can also result from reduced food intake. Iron deficiency, leading to anemia, and vitamin B1 deficiency, causing neurological issues, are also potential risks.
The Importance of Dietary Monitoring and Professional Guidance
Experts are urging individuals using GLP-1 medications to prioritize nutritional adequacy. The initial symptoms of nutrient deficiencies can mimic the side effects of the drugs themselves – fatigue, nausea, and loss of appetite – making them easily overlooked. Seeking guidance from an accredited dietitian is crucial for personalized assessment and support.
“It is challenging to assess whether your nutrient intake is adequate by yourself,” says Clare Collins, laureate professor of nutrition and dietetics at The University of Newcastle, Australia. “People may also require a specific multivitamin or mineral supplement, along with medical nutrition therapy support.”
Future Directions: Improving Clinical Trials and Nutritional Assessment
To address these concerns, researchers advocate for incorporating validated dietary assessment tools into future clinical trials of GLP-1 medications. Transparent reporting of food and nutrient intakes is also essential. A greater focus on nutrition during prescription and monitoring could assist mitigate the risk of malnutrition.
FAQ: GLP-1s and Nutritional Health
- Can GLP-1 medications cause scurvy? While not a direct cause, they can increase the risk of vitamin C deficiency if dietary intake isn’t monitored.
- What are the symptoms of vitamin C deficiency? Symptoms include anemia, bleeding gums, bruising, and slow wound healing.
- Should I take a multivitamin while on GLP-1s? Consult with a healthcare professional or registered dietitian to determine if supplementation is appropriate for your individual needs.
- How can I ensure I’m getting enough nutrients? Focus on consuming nutrient-rich foods and consider working with a dietitian to create a balanced meal plan.
Pro Tip: Don’t solely focus on the number on the scale. Prioritize nutrient-dense foods and listen to your body’s signals.
Are you considering or currently using GLP-1 medications? Share your experiences and questions in the comments below. Explore our other articles on health and wellness for more insights.
