Briefing ambassadors, UN officials reported tangible progress in Syria over the past year, even as the country’s recovery following the fall of the Assad regime in December 2024 remains fragile and uneven.
Millions Returning, Millions Still in Need
A key indicator of change is the return of displaced Syrians. More than two million people displaced within the country have returned to their areas of origin, and over 1.3 million refugees have come back from neighboring countries.
“Two million people displaced within Syria have returned – many after living for years in camps, in precarious conditions,” said Joyce Msuya, Deputy Emergency Relief Coordinator.
However, returnees often face damaged or destroyed homes and limited access to essential services like electricity, water, healthcare, and jobs. Millions remain displaced, hesitant to return due to ongoing challenges, particularly during the winter months.
Humanitarian assistance remains critical, even as the UN aims to streamline its large-scale aid operation.
Aid Operations Under Pressure
The UN has increased its humanitarian reach, assisting approximately 3.4 million people monthly – a 25 percent increase year-over-year – despite reduced funding.
However, the 2025 humanitarian appeal is only 30 percent funded, forcing difficult choices and leaving millions without assistance. Ms. Msuya stated, “With the scale of the needs and the time required for development efforts to take hold, we also need support to sustain and expand humanitarian assistance in the near term.”
The easing of sanctions by some countries has aided aid procurement and financial transactions, and could further support long-term recovery if sustained.
Political Progress, but Fragile Security
Politically, Syria has restored state institutions, formed a new cabinet, issued a constitutional declaration, and held indirect legislative elections. Violence has decreased, but inter-communal tensions remain high.
“Tragically, these tensions have boiled over in the past year,” said Rosemary DiCarlo, head of UN political affairs, citing violence in coastal areas, a terrorist attack in Damascus, and clashes in Sweida that displaced over 155,000 people.
Israeli airstrikes and incursions in southern Syria have also worsened the security situation, including a late November operation that resulted in 13 deaths and further displacement. The UN has called on Israel to respect Syria’s sovereignty and uphold the 1974 Disengagement of Forces Agreement.
Justice, Reconciliation and the Road Ahead
Long-term stability hinges on accountability, reconciliation, and inclusive governance. Ms. DiCarlo emphasized the need to address past abuses, including the fate of missing persons and ensuring accountability for grave crimes. Inclusive dialogue, including women’s participation, alongside sanctions relief and continued international engagement, are seen as essential for rebuilding trust and fostering reconstruction.
Ms. Msuya shared the story of Rawaa, a single mother who returned from Türkiye hoping to start a business, underscoring the need to support individual aspirations for a better future.
“We owe it to them to give them that chance,” Ms. Msuya said, urging the international community to capitalize on this moment to help Syria achieve lasting recovery.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the current status of displaced Syrians?
More than two million people displaced within Syria have returned to their areas of origin, and over 1.3 million refugees have returned from neighboring countries.
What challenges remain for Syria’s recovery?
The country’s recovery remains fragile and uneven, with many returnees facing damaged homes and limited access to essential services. Millions remain displaced, and humanitarian assistance is critically needed.
What steps has Syria taken toward political progress?
Syria has restored state institutions, formed a new cabinet, issued a constitutional declaration, and held indirect legislative elections.
As Syria navigates this complex period of recovery, what role will sustained international cooperation play in ensuring a stable and hopeful future for its people?
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