Pakistan launched strikes targeting armed groups within Afghanistan on Sunday, following accusations that recent suicide bombings – including those occurring during Ramadan – originated from fighters operating in neighboring Afghanistan.
Escalation of Tensions
The strikes targeted seven locations across multiple provinces, beginning around 12:30 AM local time. These actions represent a violation of a Doha-brokered ceasefire agreement reached in October 2025, mediated by Qatar and Turkey.
Civilian Impact
Afghanistan’s Ministry of Defence reported that “dozens of innocent civilians, including women and children, were martyred and wounded” as a result of the strikes, which impacted a school and homes in the provinces of Nangarhar and Paktika. In one instance, a police spokesperson in Nangarhar reported that five people were rescued from a house where 23 family members had been present.
The Afghan Defence Ministry stated it would respond with an “appropriate and calculated response” to the Pakistani strikes.
A History of Dispute
The relationship between Pakistan and Afghanistan has been increasingly strained since the Taliban regained control of Afghanistan in 2021. Previous attempts at negotiation, following an initial ceasefire, have not resulted in a lasting agreement. Saudi Arabia recently intervened, facilitating the release of three Pakistani soldiers captured in Afghanistan in October.
The deteriorating relationship has already impacted citizens of both countries, with the land border remaining largely closed for months.
Frequently Asked Questions
What prompted Pakistan’s strikes?
Pakistan stated the strikes were in response to recent suicide bombings, including attacks during Ramadan, which they attribute to fighters operating from Afghanistan.
How has Afghanistan responded?
Afghanistan’s Ministry of Defence condemned the strikes, reporting civilian casualties and stating they will deliver an “appropriate and calculated response.”
Was there a previous attempt to de-escalate tensions?
A ceasefire agreement brokered by Qatar and Turkey in October 2025 was violated by these recent strikes. Saudi Arabia also intervened this month to mediate the release of Pakistani soldiers.
Given the history of conflict and failed negotiations, what steps might be taken to prevent further escalation between Pakistan and Afghanistan?
