The Shifting Sands of the Middle East: Exploring the Vision of a “Greater Israel”
Recent pronouncements from US and Israeli officials have reignited debate surrounding the concept of a “Greater Israel,” a historically fringe idea now gaining traction within certain political circles. This vision, rooted in biblical interpretations and nationalist ambitions, is raising alarm bells across the region and prompting a reassessment of the geopolitical landscape.
Biblical Roots and Territorial Claims
At the heart of the “Greater Israel” concept lies a specific interpretation of Genesis 15:18-21, a biblical verse promising Abraham and his descendants land “from the wadi of Egypt to the great river, the Euphrates.” This expansive claim, encompassing modern-day Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Israel, is seen by some as a divine mandate for Israeli expansion.
However, interpretations vary. Some definitions focus on the land promised to the tribes of Israel descended from Isaac, narrowing the territorial scope. The idea predates the creation of Israel, with some early Zionists even including Jordan in their envisioned state.
From British Mandate to Ongoing Expansion
The modern state of Israel emerged from the British Mandate for Palestine in 1948, geographically limited by the League of Nations. The 1948 Arab-Israeli War resulted in Israel controlling almost all of Mandatory Palestine, excluding the West Bank and Gaza Strip.
Subsequent military victories in 1967 led to the occupation of the West Bank, Gaza, the Sinai Peninsula (returned to Egypt in 1982), and the Golan Heights. Israel continues to occupy the West Bank and Golan Heights, disregarding international law and demonstrating a pattern of expanding its control through force. Continued occupation of Palestinian and Syrian land, and disregard for neighbors’ sovereignty, are ongoing concerns.
The Rise of Far-Right Influence
While the idea of a vastly expanded Israel was once relegated to the fringes, its re-emergence reflects a wider radicalization within Israeli society. The inclusion of far-right figures like Bezalel Smotrich and Itamar Ben-Gvir in the current Israeli government signals a shift towards more openly embracing expansionist policies.
Even mainstream Israeli politicians, such as Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Yair Lapid, are now either more supportive of expansion beyond the West Bank or less willing to publicly oppose it. Lapid stated he would support “anything that will allow the Jews a large, broad, strong land and a safe haven.”
Regional Reactions and Condemnation
The prospect of a “Greater Israel” has triggered strong condemnation from Arab nations. Jordan, for example, protested a speech by Israeli Finance Minister Smotrich in 2023, which featured a map depicting Jordan as part of Israel.
Recent comments by US Ambassador to Israel Mike Huckabee, stating “It would be fine if they took it all,” further inflamed tensions, drawing criticism from Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Turkiye. This anger stems not only from the perceived disrespect for regional sovereignty but also from fears of an increasingly aggressive Israel with limited interest in peace.
The Potential for Increased Conflict
While the complete realization of a “Greater Israel” encompassing land between the Nile and the Euphrates appears infeasible, the growing acceptance of expansionist rhetoric raises the risk of increased regional instability. A region dominated by Israel could lead to more frequent attacks, wars, and further occupation of land.
Regional states view the annexation of the West Bank as a red line, but have been unable to prevent Israel’s ongoing occupation. The potential for further escalation remains high.
Pro Tip:
Understanding the historical context and religious underpinnings of the “Greater Israel” concept is crucial for interpreting current events in the Middle East. Focus on analyzing the motivations and agendas of key political actors.
FAQ
What is “Greater Israel”? It refers to an expansionist political concept based on biblical claims to land from the Nile River to the Euphrates River.
Who supports the idea of “Greater Israel”? Support ranges from far-right Israeli politicians and Christian Zionists to some mainstream Israeli figures who are less vocal in their opposition.
What is the reaction from Arab countries? Arab countries strongly condemn the idea, viewing it as a threat to their sovereignty and regional stability.
Is “Greater Israel” a realistic possibility? While complete realization is unlikely, the growing acceptance of expansionist rhetoric increases the risk of further conflict and instability.
What is Christian Zionism? It’s a belief among some Christians that the return of the Jewish people to Israel is a fulfillment of biblical prophecy, often leading to strong support for Israeli policies.
Don’t miss our other articles on Middle East Politics and International Relations. Subscribe to our newsletter for the latest updates and in-depth analysis.
