New Zealand is exploring membership in the “Ocean of Peace Alliance,” a mutual defence treaty recently established between Fiji and Australia. Prime Minister Christopher Luxon confirmed the government will discuss interest in the alliance, which would position Fiji as a key defence partner for New Zealand in the Pacific region.
What is the Ocean of Peace Alliance?
The Ocean of Peace Alliance is a mutual defence treaty recently signed by Fiji and Australia. Under the terms of the agreement, participating nations commit to “cooperate and consult, and to act to meet common danger.”
The treaty explicitly recognises that an armed attack on any party within the Pacific would threaten the peace and security of all members. According to the agreement, parties declare they will act to meet such common dangers in accordance with their respective domestic processes.
If New Zealand joins the alliance, Fiji would become the nation’s second defence ally in the region, following Australia.
New Zealand and Australia are currently marking 75 years of their own bilateral military alliance. Defence Minister Chris Penk noted that the potential Fiji alliance offers an opportunity to build upon this long-standing partnership.
Why is New Zealand shifting its defence strategy?
Prime Minister Christopher Luxon described the move to engage with the Fiji-Australia alliance as “logical.” He noted that New Zealand already maintains a “close bond” with Australia and a “strong and enduring relationship” with Fiji.
This potential shift represents a change in how New Zealand approaches regional security. David Capie, an international relations expert at Victoria University, told the Herald that New Zealand has traditionally leaned toward multilateral frameworks rather than specific military alliances. Capie suggested that turning toward an alliance to advance defence interests is a significant new development.
Capie also speculated that New Zealand’s interest may be driven by a desire to maintain parity with Australia’s growing presence and influence within the Pacific.
How does China’s missile activity affect regional stability?
The discussion regarding the new alliance coincides with recent military activity from China. China recently conducted a test launch of a strategic missile from a nuclear submarine, sending a dummy warhead into the South Pacific.
While China described the event as a “routine arrangement” for its People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Navy’s annual training, New Zealand officials expressed significant concern. Foreign Affairs Minister Winston Peters called the launch an “unwelcome and concerning development” that is inconsistent with regional peace.
The tension regarding Chinese military presence in the region is not new. Previous incidents include:
- September 2024: China fired a dummy warhead into the Pacific as part of reported annual training.
- February last year: Chinese warships conducted live-firing exercises in the Tasman Sea, forcing airlines to alter flight paths.
Former Defence Minister Judith Collins previously commented on the impact of Chinese missile tests, stating that a launch past Kiribati “changed the game” due to its proximity to New Zealand and its placement within the South Pacific nuclear-free zone.
A final decision on joining the alliance will be made by the New Zealand Cabinet. Following Cabinet approval, the proposal must undergo the standard Parliamentary treaty process.
What happens next for the New Zealand Government?
A final decision on membership is expected to be several months away. Because of the required legal and parliamentary steps, a formal commitment is unlikely to occur before the upcoming general election. This means a new Cabinet may be responsible for the ultimate decision to sign the treaty.
When asked if joining the alliance would aggravate relations with China, Prime Minister Luxon stated the focus is on mutual support. He explained that the alliance ensures that if Fiji were attacked, Australia and its allies would have a framework to “backstop” them.
Frequently Asked Questions
Will joining the alliance change New Zealand’s relationship with China?
Prime Minister Luxon indicated that the move is about supporting allies in the event of an attack, rather than being an act of provocation against China.
When will New Zealand officially join the alliance?
A decision is likely months away and will likely be determined by a future Cabinet following the Parliamentary treaty process.
What is the primary goal of the Ocean of Peace Alliance?
The alliance is a mutual defence treaty designed to ensure that Fiji, Australia, and potentially New Zealand cooperate and act to meet common security dangers in the Pacific.
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